Lesson 2

Discovering Rome: Italian for the Eternal City

8 min read
50+ phrases

Rome is not just a city but a living museum where ancient ruins stand alongside Renaissance palaces and modern cafes. Every corner reveals another layer of history, from the Colosseum's gladiatorial past to the Vatican's artistic treasures. Navigating this magnificent city requires some specific vocabulary, particularly for its unique transportation system and countless historical sites.

This lesson prepares you for Rome's essential experiences, giving you the Italian phrases to visit major attractions, use public transport, and explore neighborhoods beyond the typical tourist routes. With these words at your command, you can move through Rome like a seasoned traveler rather than a bewildered tourist.

Getting Around Rome

Rome's public transportation includes buses, trams, and a metro system with three lines. The historic center is largely closed to private cars, making public transport and walking the primary ways to get around. Understanding how to buy tickets and navigate the system saves both time and frustration.

la metropolitana / il metro
lah meh-tro-poh-lee-TAH-nah / eel MEH-tro
The metro (subway system)
l'autobus
low-toh-BOOS
The bus
il tram
eel trahm
The tram (streetcar)
il biglietto
eel beel-YET-to
The ticket
la fermata
lah fer-MAH-tah
The stop (bus or tram)
timbrare / convalidare
teem-BRAH-reh / kon-vah-lee-DAH-reh
To validate (stamp your ticket)
Important

You must validate your ticket before or immediately upon boarding. Inspectors regularly check tickets, and fines for unvalidated tickets are steep. Buy tickets at tobacco shops (tabacchi), newsstands, or metro stations before you need them, as you cannot purchase tickets on buses.

You
Scusi, quale autobus va al Colosseo?
Local
Puo prendere il 75 o il 81. La fermata e li.
You
Quante fermate sono?
Local
Circa cinque fermate. Non puo sbagliare, vedra il Colosseo.

The Vatican and St. Peter's

The Vatican City is technically a separate country, the world's smallest, but it sits within Rome and is an essential stop for most visitors. The Vatican Museums house one of the world's greatest art collections, culminating in the Sistine Chapel. St. Peter's Basilica is the largest church in Christendom. Both have specific vocabulary and etiquette worth knowing.

il Vaticano
eel vah-tee-KAH-no
The Vatican
la Basilica di San Pietro
lah bah-ZEE-lee-kah dee san PYEH-tro
St. Peter's Basilica
i Musei Vaticani
ee moo-ZEH-ee vah-tee-KAH-nee
The Vatican Museums
la Cappella Sistina
lah kap-PEL-lah sees-TEE-nah
The Sistine Chapel
la cupola
lah KOO-poh-lah
The dome
la fila / la coda
lah FEE-lah / lah KOH-dah
The line / queue
Quanto tempo ci vuole per la fila?
KWAHN-to TEM-po chee VWOH-leh pehr lah FEE-lah
How long is the wait in line? - Useful for planning your Vatican visit.
Ho una prenotazione.
oh OO-nah preh-no-tah-TSYO-neh
I have a reservation. - Essential if you booked skip-the-line tickets.
Dress Code

Both the Vatican Museums and St. Peter's Basilica enforce a strict dress code. Shoulders and knees must be covered for both men and women. Visitors in shorts, short skirts, or sleeveless tops will be turned away. Carry a light scarf or shawl to cover up if needed.

Ancient Rome

The heart of ancient Rome stretches from the Colosseum through the Roman Forum to the Palatine Hill. This archaeological zone brings you face to face with the ruins of the civilization that shaped Western history. Understanding what you are looking at enhances the experience immeasurably.

il Colosseo
eel ko-los-SEH-o
The Colosseum
il Foro Romano
eel FOH-ro ro-MAH-no
The Roman Forum
il Palatino
eel pah-lah-TEE-no
The Palatine Hill
le rovine
leh ro-VEE-neh
The ruins
l'anfiteatro
lan-fee-teh-AH-tro
The amphitheater
il gladiatore
eel glah-dee-ah-TOH-reh
The gladiator
You
Un biglietto per il Colosseo, per favore.
Clerk
Il biglietto include anche il Foro Romano e il Palatino. Costa diciotto euro.
You
Perfetto. C'e uno sconto per studenti?
Clerk
Si, con la tessera studenti costa due euro. Ha un documento?

Famous Piazzas and Fountains

Rome's piazzas serve as outdoor living rooms where locals gather, tourists marvel, and street life unfolds continuously. Each major square has its own character and history. The fountains, from the monumental Trevi to neighborhood drinking fountains called nasoni, are both decorative and functional.

la piazza
lah PYAH-tsah
The square / plaza
la fontana
lah fon-TAH-nah
The fountain
la Fontana di Trevi
lah fon-TAH-nah dee TREH-vee
The Trevi Fountain
Piazza Navona
PYAH-tsah nah-VO-nah
Navona Square (baroque masterpiece)
la scalinata
lah skah-lee-NAH-tah
The steps / stairway
Piazza di Spagna
PYAH-tsah dee SPAHN-yah
Spanish Steps area
Posso bere l'acqua dalla fontanella?
POS-so BEH-reh LAH-kwah DAL-lah fon-tah-NEL-lah
Can I drink the water from the small fountain? - Yes, Rome's nasoni provide free, clean drinking water.

Navigating Roman Neighborhoods

Beyond the major monuments, Rome rewards exploration of its distinct neighborhoods. Trastevere offers narrow cobblestone streets and authentic trattorias. Testaccio maintains a working-class character with excellent food markets. The Jewish Ghetto holds centuries of history in a compact area. Learning neighborhood names helps you navigate and discover Rome's true character.

il quartiere
eel kwar-TYEH-reh
The neighborhood / district
il centro storico
eel CHEN-tro STO-ree-ko
The historic center
Trastevere
trah-STEH-veh-reh
Neighborhood across the Tiber (trans Tiberim)
il vicolo
eel VEE-ko-lo
The alley / narrow street
il fiume Tevere
eel FYOO-meh TEH-veh-reh
The Tiber River
il ponte
eel PON-teh
The bridge

Museum and Church Vocabulary

Rome contains hundreds of churches, many with free admission and stunning art. Museums range from world-class collections to small specialized galleries. Knowing this vocabulary helps you plan visits and understand what you are seeing.

il museo
eel moo-ZEH-o
The museum
la chiesa
lah KYEH-zah
The church
l'ingresso
leen-GRES-so
The entrance
l'uscita
loo-SHEE-tah
The exit
l'orario di apertura
lo-RAH-ryo dee ah-pehr-TOO-rah
Opening hours
chiuso
KYOO-zo
Closed
A che ora apre / chiude il museo?
ah keh OH-rah AH-preh / KYOO-deh eel moo-ZEH-o
What time does the museum open / close?
E permesso fare foto?
eh pehr-MES-so FAH-reh FOH-to
Is it allowed to take photos?
Church Etiquette

When visiting churches, remember they are active places of worship. Keep voices low, turn off phone sounds, and avoid flash photography. Many churches close for several hours in the early afternoon, typically from noon until 3 or 4 PM, so plan accordingly.

Asking for Directions

Getting lost in Rome is half the fun, but sometimes you need to find specific places. These directional phrases help you ask for and understand directions from helpful locals.

a destra
ah DES-trah
To the right
a sinistra
ah see-NEES-trah
To the left
sempre dritto
SEM-preh DREET-to
Straight ahead
vicino
vee-CHEE-no
Near / close
lontano
lon-TAH-no
Far
in fondo
een FON-do
At the end

Rome rewards curiosity. Getting slightly lost often leads to unexpected discoveries: a hidden piazza, a neighborhood restaurant, a view you would never find in a guidebook. The vocabulary in this lesson gives you the foundation to explore confidently while remaining open to happy accidents.

In our next lesson, we dive into one of Italy's greatest pleasures: the food. From pasta to pizza to coffee culture, you will learn everything you need to eat and drink like an Italian.