Essential Safety

French for Emergencies and Health

15 min read Essential

Nobody wants to think about emergencies while planning a trip, but knowing how to communicate during medical situations can make a critical difference. France has an excellent healthcare system that is accessible to visitors, but navigating it requires knowing the right vocabulary and phrases. This lesson prepares you for situations ranging from minor pharmacy visits to serious emergencies, giving you the confidence to handle health-related challenges in French.

The French healthcare system operates differently from many other countries. Pharmacies play a larger role in primary care, doctors often make house calls, and emergency services are highly organized. Understanding how the system works, along with the vocabulary to navigate it, ensures you can get the help you need when you need it.

Emergency Numbers in France
15
SAMU (Medical Emergency)
17
Police
18
Pompiers (Fire/Rescue)
112
European Emergency (all services)

Calling for Emergency Help

When calling French emergency services, stay calm and speak clearly. The dispatcher will ask for your location first, then the nature of the emergency. Even if your French is limited, knowing a few key phrases ensures help arrives quickly.

J'ai besoin d'une ambulance!
zhay buh-ZWAHN doon ahm-bu-LAHNS
I need an ambulance!
C'est une urgence!
seh toon ur-ZHAHNS
It's an emergency!
Je suis a [address/location].
zhuh swee ah...
I am at [address/location].
Quelqu'un est blesse.
kel-KUN eh bleh-SAY
Someone is injured.
Il/Elle ne respire pas.
eel/el nuh res-PEER pah
He/She is not breathing.
Important Tip

The number 112 works throughout Europe and connects you to emergency services even if your phone is locked or has no SIM card. Operators can dispatch medical, police, or fire services as needed and many speak English. Keep this number memorized as your universal backup.

Visiting a Doctor

In France, you can see a general practitioner without a prior appointment at many clinics, though scheduling ahead is preferable. Doctors in France often still make house calls, which can be arranged by calling a service called SOS Medecins. At the appointment, being able to describe your symptoms in French helps the doctor provide better care.

At the Doctor's Office

un medecin
un mayd-SAN
A doctor
un generaliste
un zhay-nay-ra-LEEST
A general practitioner (GP)
un cabinet medical
un ka-bee-NAY may-dee-KAL
A doctor's office
une consultation
oon kon-sul-ta-SYON
An appointment/consultation
une ordonnance
oon or-do-NAHNS
A prescription
la salle d'attente
lah sal da-TAHNT
The waiting room
Making a Doctor's Appointment
Patient: Bonjour, je voudrais prendre rendez-vous avec le docteur.
Receptionist: Oui, c'est pour quoi?
Patient: Je ne me sens pas bien depuis deux jours. J'ai mal a la gorge.
Receptionist: Je peux vous proposer demain a quatorze heures?
Patient: Parfait, ca me convient.

Describing Symptoms

Being able to describe where it hurts and how you feel is crucial for getting proper treatment. French uses the construction "J'ai mal a..." (I have pain in...) followed by the body part to express where something hurts.

Common Symptoms

J'ai mal a la tete Headache
J'ai mal au ventre Stomachache
J'ai mal a la gorge Sore throat
J'ai mal au dos Back pain
J'ai de la fievre I have a fever
Je tousse I'm coughing
J'ai des vertiges I'm dizzy
Je vomis I'm vomiting
J'ai la diarrhee I have diarrhea
Je suis fatigue(e) I'm tired/exhausted
J'ai des frissons I have chills
Ca me demange It's itching

Body Parts Vocabulary

la tete
lah TET
Head
les yeux
lay ZYU
Eyes
les oreilles
lay zo-RAY
Ears
le nez
luh NAY
Nose
la bouche
lah BOOSH
Mouth
le cou
luh KOO
Neck
la poitrine
lah pwah-TREEN
Chest
le bras
luh BRAH
Arm
la jambe
lah ZHAMB
Leg
le pied
luh PYAY
Foot

At the Pharmacy

French pharmacies are easily recognizable by their green cross signs and play a significant role in healthcare. Pharmacists in France are highly trained and can recommend treatments for minor ailments, saving you a doctor's visit for simple issues. Many common medications that require prescriptions elsewhere are available over the counter in France.

Pharmacy Vocabulary

une pharmacie
oon far-ma-SEE
Pharmacy
le/la pharmacien(ne)
luh/lah far-ma-SYEN
Pharmacist
un medicament
un may-dee-ka-MAHN
Medication
un comprime
un kom-pree-MAY
Tablet/pill
un sirop
un see-ROH
Syrup
une pommade
oon po-MAD
Ointment/cream
des pansements
day pahn-SMAHN
Bandages
du doliprane
du do-lee-PRAHN
Paracetamol (common brand)
At the Pharmacy
Customer: Bonjour, j'ai attrape un rhume. Qu'est-ce que vous me conseillez?
Pharmacist: Vous avez de la fievre? Le nez qui coule?
Customer: Oui, le nez qui coule et mal a la gorge aussi.
Pharmacist: Je vous conseille ce sirop pour la gorge et ces pastilles. Prenez le sirop trois fois par jour apres les repas.
Customer: Tres bien. C'est combien?

At the Hospital

For serious emergencies, you may need to visit a hospital emergency room, called les urgences in French. French hospitals provide high-quality care, though wait times can be long for non-critical cases. The emergency room will treat you regardless of your insurance status, though you will need to handle payment or reimbursement afterward.

Hospital Vocabulary

l'hopital
loh-pee-TAL
Hospital
les urgences
lay zur-ZHAHNS
Emergency room
un(e) infirmier(e)
un an-feer-MYAY
Nurse
une prise de sang
oon preez duh SAHN
Blood test
une radio
oon ra-DYO
X-ray
un platre
un PLAH-truh
Cast (for broken bones)

Health Insurance and Payment

Before traveling to France, ensure you have appropriate health insurance. EU citizens can use their European Health Insurance Card for coverage. Other visitors should have travel insurance that covers medical expenses. In most cases, you pay upfront and seek reimbursement from your insurance company afterward.

l'assurance maladie
la-su-RAHNS ma-la-DEE
Health insurance
la carte vitale
lah kart vee-TAL
French health card
le remboursement
luh rahm-boor-SMAHN
Reimbursement
la feuille de soins
lah foy duh SWAN
Medical care form (for reimbursement)
Je suis touriste. J'ai une assurance voyage.
zhuh swee too-REEST. zhay oon a-su-RAHNS vwa-YAZH
I'm a tourist. I have travel insurance.
Puis-je avoir un recu pour mon assurance?
pwee-zhuh a-VWAHR un ruh-SU poor mohn a-su-RAHNS
Can I have a receipt for my insurance?

Allergies and Medical Conditions

If you have allergies or pre-existing medical conditions, knowing how to communicate this information is vital. Consider carrying a written card with this information in French to show medical professionals if needed.

Je suis allergique a...
zhuh swee a-lehr-ZHEEK ah
I am allergic to...
la penicilline
lah pay-nee-see-LEEN
Penicillin
les arachides
lay za-ra-SHEED
Peanuts
le lactose
luh lak-TOHZ
Lactose
le gluten
luh glu-TEN
Gluten
Je suis diabetique.
zhuh swee dya-bay-TEEK
I am diabetic.
Je prends des medicaments pour le coeur.
zhuh prahn day may-dee-ka-MAHN poor luh KUR
I take heart medication.
Before You Travel

Write down your allergies, current medications, and any medical conditions in French before your trip. Keep this information in your wallet or on your phone. In an emergency, being able to hand over accurate medical information could be crucial, especially if you are unable to communicate verbally.

Knowing these emergency and health phrases provides peace of mind during your travels in France. While you hope never to need them, being prepared allows you to focus on enjoying your trip rather than worrying about what might go wrong. The French healthcare system is excellent, and with the vocabulary in this lesson, you can navigate it confidently should the need arise.